DBMS > 4D vs. HugeGraph vs. PostGIS vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HugeGraph vs. PostGIS vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Score	22.69
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	114.32
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

postgis.net

www.sqlite.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

postgis.net/documentation

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Baidu

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1984

2018

2005

2000

Current release

v20, April 2023

0.9

3.4.2, February 2024

3.45.3 (15 April 2024), April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Unix

server-less

Data scheme

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Groovy
Java
Python

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users, roles and permissions

yes

based on PostgreSQL

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