DBMS > 4D vs. HBase vs. OpenSearch vs. Oracle Rdb vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HBase vs. OpenSearch vs. Oracle Rdb vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	16.36
Rank	#37	Overall
	#4	Search engines

Score	1.08
Rank	#184	Overall
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	4.66
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

hbase.apache.org

github.com/opensearch-project
opensearch.org

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb.html

pingcap.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

hbase.apache.org/book.html

opensearch.org/docs/latest

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb-doc.html

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Amazon Web Services

Oracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

PingCAP, Inc.

Initial release

1984

2008

2021

1984

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.3.4, January 2021

2.5.0, January 2023

7.4.1.1, 2021

8.0.0, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT OpenSearch offers OpenSearch in a managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant, for a wide range of applications like analytics, website search, offering scalability and fast data access.
Aiven for OpenSearch: Fully managed open source search and analytics suite. Out-of-the-box integrations get you up and running in a couple of clicks.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

Java

Go, Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

All OS with a Java VM

HP Open VMS

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Elasticsearch client

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Coprocessors in Java

yes

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

yes, on a single node

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

OpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
» more

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more

Competitive advantages

Distributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
» more

- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more

Typical application scenarios

The OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
» more

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more

Key customers

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more

Market metrics

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

The OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.