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DBMS > 4D vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
RDF store
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comhbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerterminusdb.compingcap.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comhbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#docs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.PingCAP, Inc.
Initial release19842008201920182016
Current releasev20, April 20232.3.4, January 2021cloud service with continuous releases11.0.0, January 20238.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageJavaProlog, RustGo, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hostedLinuxLinux
Data schemeyesschema-free, schema definition possibleFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (WOQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
JavaScript
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoCoprocessors in JavaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesno
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceGraph Partitioninghorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Journaling StreamsUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)noACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access controlFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTiDB
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