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DBMS > 4D vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sphinx vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sphinx vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSphinx  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableFully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen source search engine for searching in data from different sources, e.g. relational databasesTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSearch engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score5.98
Rank#56  Overall
#5  Search engines
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comhbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorersphinxsearch.compingcap.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comhbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorersphinxsearch.com/­docsdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoftSphinx Technologies Inc.PingCAP, Inc.
Initial release19842008201920012016
Current releasev20, April 20232.3.4, January 2021cloud service with continuous releases3.5.1, February 20238.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial licence availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageJavaC++Go, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hostedFreeBSD
Linux
NetBSD
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-free, schema definition possibleFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes infofull-text index on all search fieldsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (SphinxQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Proprietary protocolGORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++ infounofficial client library
Java
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby infounofficial client library
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoCoprocessors in JavaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnono
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoPartitioning is done manually, search queries against distributed index is supportedhorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.noneUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)nonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoThe original contents of fields are not stored in the Sphinx index.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACAzure Active Directory AuthenticationnoFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSphinxTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
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Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSphinxTiDB
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