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DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TempoIQ

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerScalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasetempoiq.com (offline)
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerMicrosoftTempoIQ
Initial release1984200520102012
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 2023V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Java.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLno
Triggersyesyesyesyes infoRealtime Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple authentication-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionH2Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB
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