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DBMS > 4D vs. GridDB vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. GridDB vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGridDB  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemScalable in-memory time series database optimized for IoT and Big DataWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableFully managed big data interactive analytics platformTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.95
Rank#128  Overall
#10  Time Series DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgriddb.nethbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpingcap.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.griddb.nethbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
Developer4D, IncToshiba CorporationApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoftPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release19842013200820192016
Current releasev20, April 20235.1, August 20222.3.4, January 2021cloud service with continuous releases8.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3 and Apache License, version 2.0 , commercial license (standard and advanced editions) also availableOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageC++JavaGo, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hostedLinux
Data schemeyesyesschema-free, schema definition possibleFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infonumerical, string, blob, geometry, boolean, timestampoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL92, SQL-like TQL (Toshiba Query Language)noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoCoprocessors in JavaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoConnector for using GridDB as an input source and output destination for Hadoop MapReduce jobsyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency within container, eventual consistency across containersImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID at container levelSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)noACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACAzure Active Directory AuthenticationFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGridDBHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTiDB
Specific characteristicsGridDB is a highly scalable, in-memory time series database optimized for IoT and...
» more
TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages1. Optimized for IoT Equipped with Toshiba's proprietary key-container data model...
» more
- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosFactory IoT, Automative Industry, Energy, BEMS, Smart Community, Monitoring system.
» more
TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersDenso International [see use case ] An Electric Power company [see use case ] Ishinomaki...
» more
Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metricsGitHub trending repository
» more
34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen Source license (AGPL v3 & Apache v2) Commercial license (subscription)
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGridDBHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTiDB
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