DBMS > 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. Graphite vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. mSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. Graphite vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. mSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Data logging and graphing tool for time series data

The storage layer (fixed size database) is called Whisper

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.61
Rank	#240	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#35	Key-value stores

Score	4.57
Rank	#73	Overall
	#5	Time Series DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.27
Rank	#167	Overall
	#77	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.graphengine.io

github.com/graphite-project/graphite-web

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

hughestech.com.au/products/msql

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

graphite.readthedocs.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

4D, Inc

Microsoft

Chris Davis

Microsoft

Hughes Technologies

Initial release

1984

2010

2006

1989

1994

Current release

v20, April 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

4.4, October 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

free licenses can be provided

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

.NET and C

Python

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

.NET

Linux
Unix

Linux
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

no subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API
Sockets

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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