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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Memgraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Memgraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMemgraph  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4jA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSA concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#94  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.07
Rank#372  Overall
#57  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannermemgraph.comgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
dbmx.net/­tkrzw
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsmemgraph.com/­docsdocs.nebula-graph.io
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterFacebookGitHubDiscord
Developer4D, IncGoogleMemgraph LtdVesoft Inc.Mikio Hirabayashi
Initial release19842017201720192020
Current releasev20, April 20230.9.3, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++C++C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinuxLinuxLinux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalStrong typed schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C++
Java
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functionsno
Triggersyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infodynamic graph partitioningShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication using RAFTCausal Clustering using Raft protocolnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes inforelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infowith snapshot isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesyes infousing specific database classes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Users, roles and permissionsRole-based access controlno
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerMemgraphNebulaGraphTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet
Specific characteristicsMemgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesBusiness Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more
NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosGraph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more
Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsYou can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerMemgraphNebulaGraphTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet
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