DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.36
Rank	#72	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	76.78
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

cloud.google.com/datastore

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

Microsoft

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2008

2010

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

V12

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, details here

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

using Google App Engine

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using Paxos

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

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