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DBMS > 4D vs. dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. IBM Db2 Event Store vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. IBM Db2 Event Store vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisondBASE  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 Event Store  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemdBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Distributed Event Store optimized for Internet of Things use casesWidely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Event Store
Time Series DBMS
Key-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score10.34
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.19
Rank#323  Overall
#2  Event Stores
#28  Time Series DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.dbase.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.ibm.com/­products/­db2-event-storewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebasecloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2-event-storedocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
Developer4D, IncAsthon TateGoogleIBMOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release19841979201520171994
Current releasev20, April 2023dBASE 2019, 20192.018.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial infofree developer edition availableOpen Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
DOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
hostedLinux infoLinux, macOS, Windows for the developer additionAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesyesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoyes infothrough the embedded Spark runtimeyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
none infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
DB2 Connect
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
dBase proprietary IDEC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Visual Basic
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesno infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.noyesno
Triggersyesnononoyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesActive-active shard replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSAtomic single-row operationsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesNo - written data is immutable
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesYes - Synchronous writes to local disk combined with replication and asynchronous writes in parquet format to permanent shared storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensiondBASEGoogle Cloud BigtableIBM Db2 Event StoreOracle Berkeley DB
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