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DBMS > 4D vs. Geode vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Virtuoso vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Geode vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Virtuoso vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGeode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.86
Rank#134  Overall
#24  Key-value stores
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score2.63
Rank#109  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgeode.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablevirtuoso.openlinksw.comwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgeode.apache.org/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosodocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
Developer4D, IncOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.GoogleOpenLink SoftwareYugabyte Inc.
Initial release19842002201519982017
Current releasev20, April 20231.1, February 20177.2.11, September 20232.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as GemfirecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageJavaCC and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredhostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
depending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (OQL)noyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsnoyes infoVirtuoso PLyes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersyesyes infoCache Event Listenersnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingyesHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replicationInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes, on a single nodeAtomic single-row operationsACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights per client and object definableAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)yes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGeodeGoogle Cloud BigtableVirtuosoYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGeodeGoogle Cloud BigtableVirtuosoYugabyteDB
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