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DBMS > 4D vs. GeoMesa vs. PostgreSQL vs. SingleStore vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. GeoMesa vs. PostgreSQL vs. SingleStore vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGeoMesa  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGeoMesa is a distributed spatio-temporal DBMS based on various systems as storage layer.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLMySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table typeA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.78
Rank#213  Overall
#4  Spatial DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score5.60
Rank#62  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.geomesa.orgwww.postgresql.orgwww.singlestore.comtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.geomesa.org/­documentation/­stable/­user/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.singlestore.com
Developer4D, IncCCRi and othersPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSingleStore Inc.
Initial release198420141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20132009
Current releasev20, April 20234.0.5, February 202416.3, May 20248.5, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache License 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial infofree developer edition availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageScalaCC++, GoJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux info64 bit version required
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infobut no triggers and foreign keysno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesno
Triggersyesnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonedepending on storage layerpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infohash partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationdepending on storage layerSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculationsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistencydepending on storage layerImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)no
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.optional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nodepending on storage layernoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyes infodepending on the DBMS used for storagefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access control via users, groups and rolesno
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGeoMesaPostgreSQLSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLTinkerGraph
Specific characteristicsSingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
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Competitive advantagesSingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
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Typical application scenariosDriving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
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Key customersIEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
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Market metricsCustomers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
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Licensing and pricing modelsF ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGeoMesaPostgreSQLSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLTinkerGraph
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