DBMS > 4D vs. GBase vs. HBase vs. Lovefield vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. GBase vs. HBase vs. Lovefield vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Widely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.07
Rank	#185	Overall
	#86	Relational DBMS

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	4.66
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.gbase.cn

hbase.apache.org

google.github.io/lovefield

pingcap.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

hbase.apache.org/book.html

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

Developer

4D, Inc

General Data Technology Co., Ltd.

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Google

PingCAP, Inc.

Initial release

1984

2004

2008

2014

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c

2.3.4, January 2021

2.1.12, February 2017

8.0.0, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

C, Java, Python

Java

JavaScript

Go, Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

JavaScript

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

Coprocessors in Java

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more

Competitive advantages

- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more

Typical application scenarios

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more

Key customers

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more

Market metrics

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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