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DBMS > 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. QuestDB vs. Sequoiadb vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. QuestDB vs. Sequoiadb vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A high performance open source SQL database for time series dataNewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQLWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Time Series DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Score0.45
Rank#261  Overall
#41  Document stores
#122  Relational DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbquestdb.iowww.sequoiadb.comwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbquestdb.io/­docswww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=indexwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
Developer4D, IncFoundationDBQuestDB Technology IncSequoiadb Ltd.Dwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release19842013201420132000
Current releasev20, April 20236.2.28, November 20203.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2Open Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Java (Zero-GC), C++, RustC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linuxserver-less
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolschema-freeyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regexyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92supported in specific SQL layer onlySQL with time-series extensionsSQL-like query languageyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
proprietary protocol using JSONADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin SQL-layer onlynoJavaScriptno
Triggersyesnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)Shardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesSource-replica replication with eventual consistencySource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlynonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID for single-table writesDocument is locked during a transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infothrough memory mapped filesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnosimple password-based access controlno
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionFoundationDBQuestDBSequoiadbSQLite
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionFoundationDBQuestDBSequoiadbSQLite
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