DBMS > 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. GreptimeDB vs. H2 vs. OpenQM

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. GreptimeDB vs. H2 vs. OpenQM

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

An open source Time Series DBMS built for increased scalability, high performance and efficiency

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

QpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Multivalue DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.03
Rank	#190	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	0.06
Rank	#352	Overall
	#33	Time Series DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.27
Rank	#298	Overall
	#10	Multivalue DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/apple/foundationdb

greptime.com

www.h2database.com

www.rocketsoftware.com/products/rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/rocket-open-qm

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

apple.github.io/foundationdb

docs.greptime.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

Developer

4D, Inc

FoundationDB

Greptime Inc.

Thomas Mueller

Rocket Software, originally Martin Phillips

Initial release

1984

2013

2022

2005

1993

Current release

v20, April 2023

6.2.28, November 2020

2.2.220, July 2023

3.4-12

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Rust

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Android
Docker
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

with some exceptions

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC
HTTP API
JDBC

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript

Java

.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

in SQL-layer only

Python

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

in SQL-layer only

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Simple rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

GreptimeDB is a SQL & Python-enabled timeseries database system built from scratch...
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Competitive advantages

- Inherits advantages of Rust, such as excellent performance, memory safe, resource...
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Typical application scenarios

For IoT industries, GreptimeDB can seamless integrate with message queues and other...
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Key customers

Greptime's clients span multiple sectors including IoT, connected vehicles, and energy...
» more

Market metrics

GreptimeDB has garnered global recognition by topping GitHub trends following its...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

GreptimeDB: open source, distributed, cloud-native TSDB; supports Hybrid Time-series...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

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