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DBMS > 4D vs. DuckDB vs. Realm vs. STSdb vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. DuckDB vs. Realm vs. STSdb vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value storeTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score0.04
Rank#360  Overall
#52  Key-value stores
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comduckdb.orgrealm.iogithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4www.timescale.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comduckdb.org/­docsrealm.io/­docsdocs.timescale.com
Developer4D, IncRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019STS Soft SCTimescale
Initial release19842018201420112017
Current releasev20, April 20230.10, February 20244.0.8, September 20152.13.0, November 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C#C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-lessAndroid
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
WindowsLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)numerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesnonoyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
C#
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnono inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessarynouser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyesnoyes infoChange Listenersnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonenoneyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnonenonenoneSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoIn-Memory realmno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoyesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDuckDBRealmSTSdbTimescaleDB
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