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DBMS > 4D vs. Dolt vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dolt vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDolt  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA MySQL compatible DBMS with Git-like versioning of data and schemaGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#191  Overall
#89  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score10.06
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­dolthub/­dolt
www.dolthub.com
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.vertica.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.dolthub.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.nebula-graph.iovertica.com/­documentation
Developer4D, IncDoltHub IncMicrosoftVesoft Inc.OpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release19842018201420192005
Current releasev20, April 202312.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0commercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeStrong typed schemaYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
CLI Client
HTTP REST
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infocurrently in alpha releaseJavaScriptuser defined functionsyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
TriggersyesyesJavaScriptyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardinghorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationA database can be cloned to multiple locations and be used there in isolation. Data/schema changes can be pushed/pulled explicitly between locations.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceCausal Clustering using Raft protocolMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsOnly one user is configurable, and must be specified in the config file at startupAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDoltMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNebulaGraphVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDoltMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNebulaGraphVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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