DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Realm

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.39
Rank	#155	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	72.95
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	7.18
Rank	#52	Overall
	#8	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

dgraph.io

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

realm.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

dgraph.io/docs

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

realm.io/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Microsoft

Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019

Initial release

1984

2016

2010

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

V12

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java

with Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL

runs within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary

Triggers

yes

Change Listeners

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes, with always 3 replicas available

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

In-Memory realm

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

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Recent citations in the news

Top Open Source Graph Databases
3 June 2024, MarkTechPost

Dgraph on AWS: Setting up a horizontally scalable graph database
1 September 2020, AWS Blog

Dgraph raises $11.5 million for scalable graph database solutions
31 July 2019, VentureBeat

Graph Database Market size to grow by USD 7.40 billion between 2022 - 2027 | Growth Driven by Lack of standardization and programming flexibility - Technavio
13 December 2023, Yahoo Finance

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