DBMS > 4D vs. Derby vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. NebulaGraph vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Derby vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. NebulaGraph vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.60
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Score	3.15
Rank	#95	Overall
	#14	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	44.27
Rank	#23	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

db.apache.org/derby

cloud.google.com/bigtable

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

docs.nebula-graph.io

help.sap.com/hana

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Google

Vesoft Inc.

SAP

Initial release

1984

1997

2015

2019

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

10.17.1.0, November 2023

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux

Appliance or cloud-service

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Strong typed schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures

user defined functions

SQLScript, R

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic single-row operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Role-based access control

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
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