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DBMS > 4D vs. Coveo vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Coveo vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCoveo  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAI-powered hosted search, recommendation and personalization platform providing tools for both low-code and full-code developmentDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.11
Rank#118  Overall
#11  Search engines
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.coveo.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.coveo.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
Developer4D, IncCoveoMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release1984201220102016
Current releasev20, April 2023V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyeshybrid - fields need to be configured prior to indexing, but relationships can be exploited at query time without pre-configurationyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoTransact SQL
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsgranular access controls, API key management, content filtersfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCoveoMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureToroDB
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