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DBMS > 4D vs. CouchDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Pinecone vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CouchDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Pinecone vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSA managed, cloud-native vector databaseAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMSVector DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score7.46
Rank#51  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score1.92
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
Score3.02
Rank#87  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcouchdb.apache.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.pinecone.iowww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overviewdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerVesoft Inc.Pinecone Systems, IncOracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842005201920191998
Current releasev20, April 20233.3.3, December 2023Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageErlangC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxhostedIBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeyesschema-freeStrong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesString, Number, Booleanyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like query languagenoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
RESTful HTTP APIODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
PythonC
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesView functions in JavaScriptuser defined functionsPL/SQL
Triggersyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Shardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocolMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"NebulaGraphPineconeTimesTen
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"NebulaGraphPineconeTimesTen
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