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DBMS > 4D vs. CouchDB vs. Kinetica vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CouchDB vs. Kinetica vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonKinetica  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Fully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score8.30
Rank#47  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score0.66
Rank#234  Overall
#107  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcouchdb.apache.orgwww.kinetica.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.kinetica.comwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerKineticaPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release1984200520121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20233.3.3, December 20237.1, August 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangC, C++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesView functions in JavaScriptuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesyes infotriggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified rangeyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Shardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a single document possiblenoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infoGPU vRAM or System RAMno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights for users and roles on table levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"KineticaPostgreSQL
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