DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. atoti vs. CouchDB vs. LeanXcale

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. atoti vs. CouchDB vs. LeanXcale

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An in-memory DBMS combining transactional and analytical processing to handle the aggregation of ever-changing data.

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Object oriented DBMS

Document store

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.56
Rank	#245	Overall
	#10	Object oriented DBMS

Score	9.30
Rank	#45	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.atoti.io

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

ActiveViam

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

LeanXcale

Initial release

1984

2013

2005

2015

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

3.3.3, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

free versions available

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Erlang

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

Multidimensional Expressions (MDX)

yes

through Apache Derby

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

C
Java
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Python

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single document possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights for users can be defined per database

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28 November 2017, Datanami

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16 June 2022, TechRepublic

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15 March 2022, The Register

CouchDB 3.0 puts safety first
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