DBMS > 4D vs. CouchDB vs. Derby vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CouchDB vs. Derby vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	8.30
Rank	#47	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	4.60
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.94
Rank	#197	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

couchdb.apache.org

db.apache.org/derby

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

doc.nuodb.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

Apache Software Foundation

Microsoft

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Initial release

1984

2005

1997

1989

2013

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.3.3, December 2023

10.17.1.0, November 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

limited edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Erlang

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions in JavaScript

Java Stored Procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single document possible

ACID

tunable commit protocol

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

MVCC

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users can be defined per database

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

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