DBMS > 4D vs. CouchDB vs. Cubrid vs. Google BigQuery vs. Graph Engine

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CouchDB vs. Cubrid vs. Google BigQuery vs. Graph Engine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

CUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTP

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	9.30
Rank	#45	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	1.20
Rank	#169	Overall
	#78	Relational DBMS

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	0.61
Rank	#240	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#35	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

couchdb.apache.org

cubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.graphengine.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

cubrid.org/manuals

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

CUBRID Corporation, CUBRID Foundation

Google

Microsoft

Initial release

1984

2005

2008

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.3.3, December 2023

11.0, January 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Erlang

C, C++, Java

.NET and C

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

hosted

.NET

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions in JavaScript

Java Stored Procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

none

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single document possible

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users can be defined per database

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

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