DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. ToroDB vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. ToroDB vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Widely used in-process key-value store

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

A .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Document store

Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	5.73
Rank	#58	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#354	Overall
	#37	Graph DBMS
	#15	Object oriented DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

github.com/torodb/server

velocitydb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

velocitydb.com/UserGuide

Developer

4D, Inc

Cockroach Labs

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

8Kdata

VelocityDB Inc

Initial release

1984

2015

1994

2016

2011

Current release

v20, April 2023

24.1.0, May 2024

18.1.40, May 2020

7.x

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

commercial license available

Open Source

AGPL-V3

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Any that supports .NET

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

.Net

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

Based on Windows Authentication

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More resources

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