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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Widely used in-process key-value storeA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score6.10
Rank#58  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#114  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle8Kdata
Initial release1984201519942016
Current releasev20, April 202323.1.1, May 202318.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesdynamic schemaschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnono
Triggersyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBOracle Berkeley DBToroDB
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