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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. dBASE vs. NebulaGraph vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. dBASE vs. NebulaGraph vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisondBASE  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score10.34
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comwww.dbase.comgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
github.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docswww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebasedocs.nebula-graph.io
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsAsthon TateVesoft Inc.8Kdata
Initial release19842015197920192016
Current releasev20, April 202323.1.1, May 2023dBASE 2019, 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
DOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
LinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesStrong typed schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnoSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCnone infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
dBase proprietary IDE.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnono infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.user defined functions
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and rolesRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBdBASENebulaGraphToroDB
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBdBASENebulaGraphToroDB
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