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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.82
Rank#209  Overall
#97  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­torodb/­servervitess.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlvitess.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsMicrosoft8KdataThe Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release19842015201020162013
Current releasev20, April 202323.1.1, May 2023V1215.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3Open Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++JavaGo
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VMDocker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyesyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoTransact SQLyes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnoyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureToroDBVitess
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