DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. KeyDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. KeyDB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocols

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	6.10
Rank	#58	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	0.80
Rank	#219	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com

github.com/Snapchat/KeyDB
keydb.dev

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.keydb.dev

Developer

4D, Inc

Cockroach Labs

EQ Alpha Technology Ltd.

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2015

2019

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

23.1.1, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

BSD-3

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

partial

Supported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

by using the Redis Search module

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

Proprietary protocol

RESP - REdis Serialization Protoco

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Lua

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Optimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scripts

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Configurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Role-based access control

simple password-based access control and ACL

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

show all

Recent citations in the news

CockroachDB 23.2 Enhances Enterprise Architectures with Improved Postgres Compatibility and Built-in Resilience
18 January 2024, PR Newswire

CockroachDB tempts legacy databases to crawl into the cloud age
29 January 2024, The Register

How to Unlock Real-Time Data Streams with CockroachDB and Amazon MSK | Amazon Web Services
6 November 2023, AWS Blog

How DoorDash Migrated from Aurora Postgres to CockroachDB
5 December 2023, The New Stack

Cockroach Labs Deepens Partnership with Google Cloud, CockroachDB Selected to Join Google Distributed Cloud
9 April 2024, Yahoo Finance

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12 May 2022, TechCrunch

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17 May 2022, XR Today

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18 March 2024, Microsoft

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20 March 2023, Phoronix

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