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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.High performance Time Series DBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comkx.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docscode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release198420152000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200320102016
Current releasev20, April 202323.1.1, May 20233.6, May 2018V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoqC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like query language (q)yes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCHTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functionsTransact SQL
Triggersyesnoyes infowith viewsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFThorizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTSource-replica replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBKdbMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureToroDB
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBKdbMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureToroDB
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