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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Hazelcast vs. Pinecone vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Hazelcast vs. Pinecone vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A widely adopted in-memory data gridA managed, cloud-native vector databaseA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeVector DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score3.16
Rank#95  Overall
#2  Vector DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comhazelcast.comwww.pinecone.iogithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docshazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overview
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsHazelcastPinecone Systems, Inc8Kdata
Initial release19842015200820192016
Current releasev20, April 202323.1.1, May 20235.3.6, November 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesdynamic schemaschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesString, Number, Booleanyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCJCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor Services
Triggersyesnoyes infoEventsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTyes infoReplicated MapSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBHazelcastPineconeToroDB
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