DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Geode vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Geode vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processes

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	1.92
Rank	#131	Overall
	#23	Key-value stores

Score	645.54
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com

geode.apache.org

www.postgresql.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

geode.apache.org/docs

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Cockroach Labs

Originally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Initial release

1984

2015

2002

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

Current release

v20, April 2023

23.1.1, May 2023

1.1, February 2017

16.3, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfire

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

the JDK (8 or later) is also required

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

SQL-like query language (OQL)

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Cache Event Listeners

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes, on a single node

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Role-based access control

Access rights per client and object definable

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
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