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DBMS > 4D vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. H2 vs. IBM Db2 Event Store vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. H2 vs. IBM Db2 Event Store vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCloudflare Workers KV  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 Event Store  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA global, low-latency, key-value store for applications on Cloudflare with exceptionally high read volumes and low-latency.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Distributed Event Store optimized for Internet of Things use casesFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSEvent Store
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.39
Rank#274  Overall
#39  Key-value stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.27
Rank#309  Overall
#2  Event Stores
#28  Time Series DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cloudflare.com/­developer-platform/­workers-kvwww.h2database.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2-event-storeazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdevelopers.cloudflare.com/­kv/­apiwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2-event-storedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
Developer4D, IncCloudflareThomas MuellerIBMMicrosoft
Initial release19842018200520172019
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 20232.0cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infofree developer edition availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux infoLinux, macOS, Windows for the developer additionhosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesyes infothrough the embedded Spark runtimeKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP REST
Proprietary protocol
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
DB2 Connect
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C++
Dart
JavaScript
Kotlin
Python
Rust
Scala
JavaC
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseActive-active shard replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)No - written data is immutableyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesYes - Synchronous writes to local disk combined with replication and asynchronous writes in parquet format to permanent shared storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCloudflare Workers KVH2IBM Db2 Event StoreMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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