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DBMS > 4D vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCloudflare Workers KV  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA global, low-latency, key-value store for applications on Cloudflare with exceptionally high read volumes and low-latency.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.32
Rank#283  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cloudflare.com/­developer-platform/­workers-kvwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdevelopers.cloudflare.com/­kv/­apiwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
Developer4D, IncCloudflareThomas MuellerMicrosoft
Initial release1984201820052019
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP REST
Proprietary protocol
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C++
Dart
JavaScript
Kotlin
Python
Rust
Scala
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCloudflare Workers KVH2Microsoft Azure Data Explorer
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