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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. DuckDB vs. Kdb vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. DuckDB vs. Kdb vs. Realm

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSHigh performance Time Series DBMSA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orgduckdb.orgkx.comrealm.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestduckdb.org/­docscode.kx.comrealm.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019
Initial release1984200820182000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 20032014
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20230.10, February 20243.6, May 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infofree 32-bit versionOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++q
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-lessLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesSQL-like query language (q)no
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonouser defined functionsno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary
Triggersyesyesnoyes infowith viewsyes infoChange Listeners
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"nonehorizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenoneSource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesyes infoIn-Memory realm
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnorights management via user accountsyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraDuckDBKdbRealm
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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upon request
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