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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. Datomic vs. Elasticsearch

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. Datomic vs. Elasticsearch

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSSearch engine
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orgwww.datomic.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearch
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.datomic.comwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.html
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookCognitectElastic
Initial release1984200820122010
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20231.0.7075, December 20238.6, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoElastic License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJava, ClojureJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
RESTful HTTP APIJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoTransaction Functionsyes
TriggersyesyesBy using transaction functionsyes infoby using the 'percolation' feature
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoES-Hadoop Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentMemcached and Redis integration
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectno
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraDatomicElasticsearch
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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