DBMS > 4D vs. Cachelot.io vs. GBase vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cachelot.io vs. GBase vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

In-memory caching system

Widely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.04
Rank	#388	Overall
	#62	Key-value stores

Score	1.05
Rank	#186	Overall
	#86	Relational DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

cachelot.io

www.gbase.cn

github.com/google/leveldb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

4D, Inc

General Data Technology Co., Ltd.

Google

Microsoft

Initial release

1984

2015

2004

2011

1989

Current release

v20, April 2023

GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c

1.23, February 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Simplified BSD License

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C, Java, Python

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X

Linux

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Standard with numerous extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Memcached protocol

ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

yes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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