DBMS > 4D vs. BoltDB vs. etcd vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BoltDB vs. etcd vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An embedded key-value store for Go.

A distributed reliable key-value store

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.80
Rank	#215	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	7.03
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/boltdb/bolt

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

www.sqlite.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1984

2013

2000

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.4, August 2019

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

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