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DBMS > 4D vs. BoltDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BoltDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embedded key-value store for Go.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­boltdb/­boltazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servertrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-servertrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftMicrosoftApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release19842013201419892014
Current releasev20, April 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20222.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageGoC++C++, Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like query languageyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJava Stored Procedures
TriggersyesnoJavaScriptyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*noyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionBoltDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft SQL ServerTrafodion
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