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DBMS > 4D vs. BoltDB vs. Graph Engine vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BoltDB vs. Graph Engine vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embedded key-value store for Go.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.80
Rank#215  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.graphengine.iogithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manual
Developer4D, IncMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release1984201320102016
Current releasev20, April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGo.NET and CJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
.NETAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
GoC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonehorizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionBoltDBGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityToroDB
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