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DBMS > 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comwww.graphengine.iogithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manual
Developer4D, IncMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release198420102016
Current releasev20, April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
.NETAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92no
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes
Triggersyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityToroDB
DB-Engines blog posts

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