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DBMS > 4D vs. BoltDB vs. CockroachDB vs. Graph Engine vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BoltDB vs. CockroachDB vs. Graph Engine vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embedded key-value store for Go.CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.cockroachlabs.comwww.graphengine.iogithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manual
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release19842013201520102016
Current releasev20, April 202323.1.1, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoGo.NET and CJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
.NETAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freedynamic schemayesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCRESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
GoC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoyes
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFThorizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneMulti-source replication using RAFTSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionBoltDBCockroachDBGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityToroDB
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