DBMS > 4D vs. Blazegraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Blazegraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Amazon has acquired Blazegraph's domain and (probably) product. It is said that Amazon Neptune is based on Blazegraph.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

High-performance graph database supporting Semantic Web (RDF/SPARQL) and Graph Database (tinkerpop3, blueprints, vertex-centric) APIs with scale-out and High Availability.

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.75
Rank	#219	Overall
	#19	Graph DBMS
	#8	RDF stores

Score	645.54
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

wiki.blazegraph.com

www.postgresql.org/docs

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Blazegraph

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

1984

2006

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.1.5, March 2019

16.3, May 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

extended commercial license available

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Scala

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

RDF literal types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SPARQL is used as query language

yes

standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL QUERY
SPARQL UPDATE
TinkerPop 3

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in Graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Security and Authentication via Web Application Container (Tomcat, Jetty)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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