DBMS > 4D vs. ArangoDB vs. Qdrant vs. RDF4J vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. ArangoDB vs. Qdrant vs. RDF4J vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Vector DBMS

RDF store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.26
Rank	#88	Overall
	#15	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#12	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	1.28
Rank	#167	Overall
	#6	Vector DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

arangodb.com

github.com/qdrant/qdrant
qdrant.tech

rdf4j.org

www.sqlite.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.arangodb.com

qdrant.tech/documentation

rdf4j.org/documentation

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Social network pages

Developer

4D, Inc

ArangoDB Inc.

Qdrant

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1984

2012

2021

2004

2000

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.11.5, November 2023

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

Implementation language

C++

Rust

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

Numbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Keywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

OpenAPI 3.0

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Java
PHP
Python

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

since version 2.0

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

Collection-level replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Eventual Consistency, tunable consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Key-based authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
» more

Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
» more

Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
» more

Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
» more

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