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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Pinot vs. NebulaGraph vs. Postgres-XL vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Pinot vs. NebulaGraph vs. Postgres-XL vs. SingleStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Pinot  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemRealtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latencyA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresMySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.38
Rank#275  Overall
#126  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.53
Rank#254  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score5.38
Rank#62  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.compinot.apache.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.postgres-xl.orgwww.singlestore.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.pinot.apache.orgdocs.nebula-graph.iowww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationdocs.singlestore.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsVesoft Inc.SingleStore Inc.
Initial release1984201520192014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2013
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.0, September 202310 R1, October 20188.5, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoMozilla public licensecommercial infofree developer edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities
Implementation languageJavaC++CC++, Go
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK11 or higherLinuxLinux
macOS
Linux info64 bit version required
Data schemeyesyesStrong typed schemayesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyes infobut no triggers and foreign keys
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsuser defined functionsyes
Triggersyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding infohash partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access control via users, groups and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache PinotNebulaGraphPostgres-XLSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache PinotNebulaGraphPostgres-XLSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL
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