DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

An in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.90
Rank	#125	Overall
	#59	Relational DBMS

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	2.33
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1.26
Rank	#164	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

phoenix.apache.org

www.h2database.com

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

phoenix.apache.org

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/timesten/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Thomas Mueller

Google

Oracle

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

2014

2005

2011

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

2.2.220, July 2023

1.23, February 2021

Release 22.1

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

IBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

JDBC
ODBC

ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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