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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. DuckDB vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. DuckDB vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.06
Rank#123  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score0.67
Rank#233  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comphoenix.apache.orgduckdb.orggithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comphoenix.apache.orgduckdb.org/­docskairosdb.github.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationMicrosoft
Initial release19842014201820132019
Current releasev20, April 20235.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20190.10, February 20241.2.2, November 2018cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
server-lessLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding infobased on CassandraSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandrayes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoHadoop integrationnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancynosimple password-based access controlAzure Active Directory Authentication

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache PhoenixDuckDBKairosDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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