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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLDistributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.44
Rank#158  Overall
#73  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comkylin.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­torodb/­serverwww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkylin.apache.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.voltdb.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncMicrosoft8KdataVoltDB Inc.
Initial release19842015201020162010
Current releasev20, April 20233.1.0, July 2020V1211.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3Open Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++JavaJava, C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VMLinux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)yesyes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQLJava
Triggersyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesUsers and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache KylinMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureToroDBVoltDB
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