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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. StarRocks vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. StarRocks vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonStarRocks  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerAn open source, high-performance columnar analytical database that enables real-time, multi-dimensional, and highly concurrent data analytics infoForked from Apache DorisA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.04
Rank#189  Overall
#88  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comkylin.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.starrocks.iogithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkylin.apache.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.starrocks.io/­en-us/­latest/­introduction/­StarRocks_intro
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince Feb 20238Kdata
Initial release19842015201020202016
Current releasev20, April 20233.1.0, July 2020V122.5.3, March 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++C++, JavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxhostedLinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)yesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
MySQL protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQLuser defined functions
Triggersyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by range and hash)Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache KylinMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureStarRocksToroDB
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Recent citations in the news

Overhauling Apache Kylin for the cloud
18 November 2021, InfoWorld

eBay's Kylin Becomes a Top-Level Apache Open Source Project
9 December 2015, eBay Inc.

Distributed OLAPer Kyligence accelerates core engine, adds real-time data support – Blocks and Files
10 August 2021, Blocks & Files

Bringing interactive BI to big data – O'Reilly
1 May 2017, O'Reilly Media

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14 February 2023, VentureBeat

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